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Volume 2, Issue 2, 252-270, 2011 |
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| Using Bootstrap Estimation and the Plug-in Principle for Clinical Psychology Data | | | By Daniel B. Wright (a), Kamala London (b), Andy P. Field (c) | | | (a) Psychology Department, Florida International University
(b) Department of Psychology, University of Toledo
(c) School of Psychology, University of Sussex | | |
| | | Volume 2, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 252-270 | | | doi:10.5127/jep.013611 | | |
| | | Abstract | | | Psychologists estimate the precision of their statistics both to conduct hypothesis tests and to construct confidence intervals. The methods traditionally used for this are available only for a small set of statistics (e.g., the mean and transformations of it) and often make unrealistic assumptions about the variables' distributions. These assumptions are often particularly unrealistic in data derived from clinical samples, or when looking at groups responding at the extreme end of clinical constructs. Bootstrap estimation is a computer intensive procedure that offers a flexible and automatic alternative. The computer takes thousands of bootstrap samples from the observed data and from these bootstrap samples estimates the precision of the statistic. High-speed personal computers make the bootstrap a viable and appealing technique throughout the sciences. This article offers a tutorial on the theory and practice of applying bootstrap estimation to data from clinical samples and measures relevant to experimental psychopathology. | | |
| | | Table of Contents | | | Using Bootstrap Estimation and the Plug-in Principle for Clinical Psychology Data
The Plug-in Principle
Bootstrap Sampling and Bootstrap Estimation: Examples
Bootstrap Estimates for the Median
Bootstrapping Categorical Data (Kappa, association for a 2x2 table)
Bootstrapping Correlations
Bootstrapping Regression Coefficients
Other Statistics
Doing bootstrapping
Using R to Bootstrap Estimates for the Median and Mean
Using R to Bootstrap Estimates for the Correlation Coefficient
Using R to Bootstrap Regression Parameters
The benefits of bootstrapping
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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| | | Correspondence to | | | Daniel B. Wright, Psychology Department, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199. | | |
| | Keywords | | | Bootstrap, Robust methods | | |
| | | Dates | | | Received 26 Nov 2010; Revised 11 Jan 2011; Accepted 21 Jan 2011 | | |
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